Duties of Editors

1. Fair Play and Editorial Independence Editors are committed to evaluating all submitted manuscripts solely on the basis of their academic merit, including importance, originality, validity, and clarity. Decisions will not be influenced by the authors’ race, gender, sexual orientation, ethnic origin, religious belief, or institutional affiliation. The Editor-in-Chief retains full authority over the editorial content and publication timing.

2. Confidentiality All information regarding submitted manuscripts will be kept confidential and disclosed only to the corresponding author, reviewers, and relevant editorial advisers, unless explicitly authorized by the Editor-in-Chief.

3. Disclosure and Conflicts of Interest Editors will not use unpublished information from submitted manuscripts for their own research without the authors’ consent. Any potential conflicts of interest arising from relationships with authors or institutions must be disclosed, and the editor will recuse themselves from the editorial process of such manuscripts.

4. Publication Decisions Each submitted manuscript will undergo peer review by at least two experts in the field. The Editor-in-Chief will base publication decisions on the manuscript’s validation, significance, and feedback from reviewers, while adhering to legal standards.

5. Involvement and Cooperation in Investigations Editors will respond appropriately to any ethical concerns raised regarding submitted or published works, following COPE guidelines. Investigations will be thorough, ensuring that any misconduct is addressed.

Duties of Reviewers

1. Contribution to Editorial Decisions Peer review is essential for enhancing manuscript quality. Reviewers are expected to provide constructive feedback that assists authors in improving their submissions.

2. Promptness Reviewers must respond to invitations promptly. If unable to review, they should notify the editors immediately so alternative reviewers can be arranged.

3. Confidentiality Manuscripts are confidential and must not be shared with others without authorization from the Editor-in-Chief.

4. Standards of Objectivity Reviews must be objective, with clear arguments to guide authors in refining their work. Personal criticism is not acceptable.

5. Acknowledgment of Sources Reviewers should identify any relevant work not cited by the authors and provide proper citations for previously published observations or arguments.

6. Disclosure and Conflicts of Interest Reviewers must declare any conflicts of interest related to the manuscript and must not use unpublished information for personal advantage.

Duties of Authors

1. Reporting Standards Authors must provide an accurate account of their research, including sufficient detail and references for replication. Misrepresentation of results is unacceptable.

2. Data Access and Retention Authors should make their raw data available upon request and ensure its accessibility for at least 10 years after publication.

3. Originality and Plagiarism All submissions must be original, with proper citations for any borrowed work. Plagiarism in any form is strictly prohibited.

4. Multiple Submissions Authors should not submit manuscripts that have been published or are under consideration elsewhere. Concurrent submissions are unethical.

5. Authorship Criteria Only those who significantly contributed to the manuscript should be listed as authors. The corresponding author must verify that all coauthors approve the final version.

6. Disclosure of Conflicts of Interest Authors must disclose any conflicts of interest at the submission stage, including financial or personal relationships that may affect the work.

7. Acknowledgment of Sources Proper acknowledgment of others' work is essential, and authors must obtain permission for the use of unpublished information.

8. Ethical Standards in Research Authors must comply with relevant laws and institutional guidelines when conducting research involving human or animal subjects. Statements regarding ethical approvals must be included in the manuscript.

9. Peer Review Participation Authors are expected to engage cooperatively in the peer review process, responding promptly to requests for information or revisions.

10. Correction of Published Works If significant errors are identified post-publication, authors must notify the journal immediately to correct or retract the work.

Duties of the Publisher

1. Handling of Unethical Publishing Behavior The publisher, in collaboration with the editors, will address any allegations of misconduct or plagiarism, taking appropriate measures such as issuing errata or retracting articles if necessary.